Caesar Cipher Encryption

Hard ⏱ 18 min 27% acceptance ★★★★★ 4.5

Write caesar_cipher(s, shift) implementing a proper Caesar cipher: every alphabetic character is shifted by shift positions within the alphabet (wrapping from z back to a), preserving its original case. Non-alphabetic characters (spaces, punctuation, digits) pass through unchanged.

Examples

Example 1

Input

s = 'Hello, World!', shift = 3

Output

'Khoor, Zruog!'

Explanation

'H'->'K', 'e'->'h', ... wrapping happens for letters near the end of the alphabet, and punctuation is untouched.

Example 2

Input

s = 'xyz', shift = 3

Output

'abc'

Explanation

'x','y','z' wrap around past 'z' back to the start of the alphabet.

Constraints

shift can be any integer, including negative or larger than 26.

Topics

StringsCiphers

Companies

Goldman SachsDeutsche BankJPMorgan Chase

Hints

Hint 1

For a lowercase letter: (ord(ch) - ord('a') + shift) % 26 + ord('a'), then chr() it.

Hint 2

Do the same with a capital-A base for uppercase letters, and leave everything else as-is.

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